Firing is the process of hardening and setting a pottery object. It is used to create a variety of ceramic products and each different type of pottery requires a different firing method. In this article, we will explore the different firing methods available and discuss which two are the most popular. Let’s look at the different advantages and disadvantages of these methods so you can decide which one will work best for you.
Overview of the Different Firing Methods
Pottery can be fired through a variety of different techniques. Some methods are more traditional and some are more modern. Here are the most commonly used techniques: kiln firing, raku firing, pit firing, open firing, gas reduction firing, electric firing and wood-fired kilns. Let’s examine each of these methods in more detail.
The Benefits of Different Firing Methods
The pottery firing process will affect the end result, so it is important to understand the benefits of each firing method before making a decision. Different styles of pottery will require different firing methods in order to achieve the desired effect. For instance, an art piece that is going to be glazed needs high temperatures, so a kiln is the most suitable method. On the other hand, an unglazed piece needs lower temperatures, so an open fire would be more suitable.
Kiln Firing
Kiln firing is the most popular firing method and is used to create a variety of different pieces. It is a controlled process in which a kiln or oven is heated to high temperatures, typically between 800 and 1200 degrees Centigrade. The clay pieces are then placed inside and heated until they reach the desired hardness. This method is great for creating glazed ware, since high temperatures are needed to make sure the glaze sets properly.
Raku Firing
Raku firing is a type of pottery firing technique that originated in Japan. Raku utilizes a small furnace in which pieces of pottery can be quickly heated to between 1000 and 1300 degrees Centigrade before being rapidly cooled in water or other substances. This firing method creates a distinctive look, and it is often used in traditional pottery making. The finished result looks organically-made, with vibrant colors and complex textures.
Pit Firing
Pit firing is a technique that has been around for centuries. It is done by burying the pottery pieces in a pit in the ground and covering them with combustible materials such as sawdust and wood shavings. Heat and smoke are generated by light fires on top of the pit, and this creates natural decorative effects on the finished pieces. Pit firing is a great choice for rustic-looking creations because of the unique results that are almost impossible to replicate in any other firing method.
Open Firing
Open firing is another popular firing method that is well suited to creating pottery with a natural look. This technique involves heating up the clay pieces directly over an open fire or in a bonfire. The intensity of the heat can be adjusted by adding or removing combustible materials from the fire. Although open firing won’t create the same degree of hardness as other firing methods, it is still an affordable and easy option for creating naturally-decorated pottery.
Gas Reduction Firing
Gas reduction firing is often used for high-fired stoneware and porcelain pieces. It involves heating up the kiln to its highest temperature with natural gas, then allowing it to cool down very slowly over time. This process produces a very hard and durable piece that will last over time. However, the resulting pieces may be slightly duller than those created with other firing methods.
Electric Firing
Electric firing is becoming increasingly popular due to its easy setup and money saving potential. This firing technique is done with electric kilns and requires no combustible materials. Instead, electricity is used to heat the kiln up to its desired temperature, typically between 800 and 1200 degrees Centigrade. Electric firing produces a clean finish with consistent results, making it one of the most reliable firing methods available.
Wood-fired Kilns
For those who want a more traditional approach, wood-fired kilns may be the perfect solution. In this style of firing, wood is burned inside the kiln to create heat. This creates an uneven heat pattern which often produces interesting effects on the items being fired. Wood-fired kilns offer a more natural aesthetic than other firings methods and can produce some truly unique results.
Considerations for Selecting a Firing Method
When choosing a firing method for your pottery project, it’s important to consider your goals and budget. Some techniques may be more expensive than others, so it’s important to weigh up all the pros and cons before making a decision. It’s also important to take into account your skill level and the amount of time you are willing to dedicate to mastering each technique.
Tips for Successful Pottery Firing
No matter which firing method you choose, there are some key tips for achieving successful results. Ensuring that your kiln is heated evenly is essential for avoiding warping or cracking of your pieces during the firing process. Additionally, pay close attention to drying times as plaster molds or canvas supports can become brittle if left exposed to too much heat for too long.
Firing pottery requires patience and practice, but by understanding which two are the main methods you can start narrowing down which technique will be best for you. Whether you choose kiln firing, raku firing, pit firing or another technique, if you follow these tips you are likely to achieve successful results.
